Fluorination methods and the properties of fluorinated carbon materials for use as lithium primary battery cathode materials

Fluorinated carbon is chemically stable due to its unique structure and polar C–F bonds; furthermore, fluorinated carbon has various characteristics, such as its thermal conductivity and hydrophobicity, and can exhibit different bond types, including ionic, semi-ionic, and covalent C–F2 and C–F3 bonds. Due to the above properties, fluorinated carbon is mainly used as a cathode material for lithium primary batteries. Therefore, in this review, the synthesis methods of fluorinated carbon used as a cathode material for a lithium primary battery and the various conditions of these methods are summarized. In addition, the physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the cathode material of the lithium primary battery are considered according to the type of fluorinated carbon, including graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers.