The L-type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1) Expression in Patients with Scoliosis

Introduction: Amino acid transporters are transmembrane proteins that are known to mediate the transfer of amino acids. As one of the amino acid transporters, LAT1, which is encoded by Slc7a5, mediates the cellular uptake of the essential amino acids. Recently, most studies have focused on examining the relationship between LAT1 and skeletal formation in terms of development. However, little is known regarding the clinical features of LAT1 in the cartilage, which might result in the development of skeletal deformities such as scoliosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and its solute carrier transporter 7a5 (Slc7a5) in patients with pediatric scoliosis and to compare with the relationship between LAT1 and Slc7a5 expression and their clinical features. Methods: We have prospectively recruited 56 patients who underwent corrective spinal fusion for scoliosis. The patients comprised 40 girls and 16 boys, with a mean age of 13.1 years at the time of surgery. There were 34 idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients, whereas 22 were congenital scoliosis (CS) patients. During the surgery, an epiphyseal part of the spinous process at apical vertebra was harvested; then, LAT1 and Slc7a5 expressions in the cartilage were evaluated. Results: As per our findings, LAT1 expression was observed in the cartilage in 60.7% (34 out of 56) of the patients. LAT1 expression in IS patients was 76%, which were statistically higher compared to 36% in CS patients. When compared with LAT1 expression, no statistical difference was noted in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Cobb angle, and Risser grade. Meanwhile, the mean Slc7a5 expression in IS patients was determined to be significantly higher than that in CS patients. No significant correlation was observed between Slc7a5 expression and age, BMI, and Cobb angle. Conclusions: LAT1 and Slc7a5 expression in IS and CS patients showed significant differences. These expressions were found to be not correlated with age, stature, and severity of the deformity.