Deep-sea organisms research oriented by deep-sea technologies development

Deep-sea environment, characterized by high pressures, extremely high/low temperatures, limited photosynthesis-generated organic matter, darkness, and high levels of corrosion, is home to flourishing special ecosystems in the world. Here, we illustrate how the deep-sea equipment offers insights into the study of life in the deep sea based on the work in the past five decades. We first describe how organisms in the deep sea are studied, even though it is highly difficult to get access to such extreme environments. We then explain the role of deep-sea technologies in advancing research on the evolution of organisms in hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, seamounts, oceanic trenches, and whale falls from the following perspectives: biological diversity, mechanisms of environmental adaptation, biological evolution, and ecosystem connectivity. Finally, to better understand the function and service of deep-sea organisms, and further conserve the special creatures under anthropologic activity and climate change, we highlight the importance of innovative deep-sea technologies to promote cutting-edge research on deep-sea organisms, and note the remaining challenges and developing directions for deep-sea equipment.