Abstracts of Nippon Dojo-Hiryogaku Zasshi

Vol. 81 (2010) No. 1 (pp. 1–103) Original Papers Chemical properties and mineralogical characteristics of tea garden soils in the Cheju Island, Korea Hironori HEINAI*1, Toyoaki ITO*1, Shigekazu NAKAMURA*2,5, Masami NANZYO*3 and Masahiko SAIGUSA*4 *1Field Sci. Cent., Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ., *2Shizuoka Tea Exp. Stn., *3Grad. Sch. Agric. Sci., Tohoku Univ., *4Res. Cent. Advanced Agrotechnol. & Biotechnol., Toyohashi Univ. of Technol., *5present address:Shizuoka pref. swine poultry exp. Stn., (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 1–6, 2010) Three pedons were surveyed to clarify chemical properties and mineralogical characteristics of tea garden soils in the Cheju Island, Korea. The results are as follows: 1) Soil color of the soils in the Cheju Island were black or brownish black. The gravel contents of the soils in the three pedon were very high (10-70%), and the soil textures were sandy loam. 2) All three pedons surveyed were classified into Andosols, which had dark colored and high humic A horizons, the phosphate absorption coefficients of 1500 or more and large amounts of acid oxalate extractable Al and Fe (Alo and Feo). 3) The soil pH (H2O) under the tree crown were lower than those in the inter-row. The exchangeable Al was high in the soil under the tree crown, reflecting low pH of those soils. Furthermore, the exchangeable cation was low in the soil under the tree crown, because of the strong leaching and the lacking of dolomite application. 4) It was estimated that the tea garden soils in the Cheju Island contain not only allophane but also chrolite, 2:1-2:1:1 intergraded minerals and 1:1 type clay mineral by X-ray diffraction analysis. Key words: Cheju island, exchangeable aluminum, mineralogical composition, soil pH, tea garden soil. Nitrogen and sulfur isotope analysis of anthropogenic nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Shimousa Group, Chiba Prefecture Yoichi MURAMATSU*1, Hiromi ARAI*2, Fumiya KONDO*1, Eri OSHIRO*3 and Hitoshi CHIBA*4 *1Fac. Sci. Technol., Tokyo Univ. Sci., *2Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. Sci., *3Grad. Sch. Sci. Tokyo Univ. Sci., *4Fac. Sci., Okayama Univ. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 7–15, 2010) To identify anthropogenic sources of nitrogen in the shallow groundwaters used in the Noda City, Chiba Prefecture, stable isotope composition of nitrogen (d15N) and sulfur (d34S) as well as the nitrate concentration in twenty-one groundwaters from the wells in the fields were determined. The high proportion of Cl–+ SO4 2–+ NO3 –in the total anion concentration suggests strong influence of human activities on the groundwater quality. Groundwaters with high NO3 ––N concentrations (> 15.0 mg-N L−1) were mainly found in the farm land area. The d15N values of the main fertilizers used in the studied area (–1.4 to +4.3‰) and those of the domestic detergents (–2.9 to +3.6‰) were similar, making the distinction of NO3 –derived from the two sources difficult. The d15N values of NO3 –in the groundwaters ranged from +2.5 to +10.3 ‰. Low d15N values of groundwater NO3 –in the farm land area suggest that the NO3 –contamination was caused by farming with ammonium-containing fertilizers and compost, and by domestic sewage. In the Noda area including the residential districts, groundwater samples were strongly contaminated by domestic pollutants. As the d34S values of chemical fertilizers and domestic detergents used in the studied area were also similar (ranging from –2.7 to –0.4‰ and from –4.2 to –0.7‰, respectively), it was difficult to distinguish these sources using d34S values. The d34S values of sulfate in the groundwaters were mostly in the range from +1.1 to +7.8 ‰, and suggest that the contaminant sulfur was also originated from chemical fertilizers, and domestic sewage and compost. These results demonstrate that simultaneous analysis of d34S and d15N is very useful for reliable estimation of the origin of NO3 –in groundwater. Key words: d15N, d34S, nitrogen pollution, shallow groundwater, Shimousa Group. Nitrogen and carbon cycle in the long-term sewage sludge composts applied field: Analysis using 15N and 13C natural abundance techniques Shigeko GOTO and Tadakatsu YONEYAMA Grad. Sch. Agric. Life Sci., Univ. Tokyo (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 16–22, 2010) The dynamics of nitrogen and carbon in the field with continuous application of sewage sludge compost since 1978 were investigated using 15N and 13C natural abundance techniques. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) have been grown in an Andsol field in winter and summer, respectively, with composts or chemical fertilizers. Based on the analysis of natural abundances of nitrogen and carbon isotopes in crops and soils, following three were concluded. (1) A part of the sewage sludge compost applied to the field was quickly decomposed and mineralized during the early short period, and the other part was remained in the soil for a long time and slowly decomposed and mineralized. By application of the sewage sludge composts, the d15N values of the soil were increased while the d13C values were decreased. (2) The nitrogen mineralized from the sewage sludge compost was absorbed first to leaves and finally allocated to the ears. The carbon dioxide derived from the sewage sludge compost was significantly fixed into barley but not into corn by leaf photosynthesis of CO2 near the soil surface. (3) The organic carbon from the sewage sludge left in soil was estimated to be 35 - 44% of soil organic carbon after continuous application of sewage sludge compost for 26 years. Key words: sewage sludge, long-term land application, barley, d15N, d13C Nitrogen uptake rate with compost application and its effect on the quality of Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) Masako TAKEBE*1, 2, Keiki OKAZAKI*1, Norikuni OKA*1 and Toshihiko KARASAWA*1,2 *1National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido region, *2Present address : National Agricultural Research Center (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 23–30, 2010) A series of field experiments was conducted to test whether nitrogen (N) supplied as compost or as chemical fertilizer similarly affected the quality of Japanese radish and sweet corn. Cattle manure compost (C/N = 8.4–10.4) was applied at rates of 0, 2 and 4 kg m−2 and chemical fertilizer N at two (sweet corn) or three (Japanese radish) levels from 0 to 12 g N m−2 as ammonium sulfate. Soil nitrate N increased slowly from the date of compost application in the plots that received only compost, but increased rapidly after application of chemical fertilizers. In a bare fallow area the average value of soil nitrate N (in the plow layer) throughout the plant growing season was 22 mg kg−1 dry soil in the plot of 4 kg m−2 compost, 40 mg kg−1 dry soil in the plot of 12 g N m−2 chemical fertilizer, and 51 mg kg−1 dry soil in the plot of 4 kg m−2 compost + 12 g N m−2 chemical fertilizer. Soil nitrate N was integrated and divided by the number of days from the date of application to harvest and compared with the amount of N uptake by sweet corn; they were positively correlated irrespective of N source. This may indicate that the amount of N uptake was determined primarily by the amount of nitrate N supplied by compost in addition to chemical fertilizer. Sugar content of Japanese radish and sweet corn, and the content of ascorbic acid of Japanese radish, decreased with increased N uptake. Plant products of all plots were harvested on the same day; those products that had received compost as the N source had lower sugar and ascorbic acid contents than those that received chemical fertilizer only, even though the N uptake was same. However, the suitable harvest time for sweet corn was the time when the grain had the highest sugar content, and this advanced with increased compost application. The relationship between sugar content and N uptake was the same irrespective of N source, when compared at the suitable harvest time for each treatment. So we concluded that the sugar content was determined by the amount of nitrogen uptake regardless of the N source (compost application or chemical fertilizer application). The suitable harvest time for radish may be determined by root weight. It is considered that the quality of radish was better to be compared at the time when radish in each treatment had the same size. Key words: compost, crop quality, Japanese radish, soil nitrate nitrogen, sweet corn Notes Effect of combined applications with controlled release fertilizers and 15N-labeled cow compost on mineralization of compost nitrogen under incubation experiment Masahiko KATOH, Yasuhito HAYASHI and Hiromasa MORIKUNI JA ZEN-NOH R & D Cent. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 31–35, 2010) Qing-geng-cai does not use high molecular soil organic nitrogen under aseptic condition Kae MIYAZAWA, Masae TAKEDA and Tohru MURAYAMA National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 36–38, 2010) Applicability of rapid analysis by 80°C-16h hot water extraction for estimating available nitrogen in upland soil in Japan Ichiro UEZONO, Naoto KATO and Mihoko MORIIZUMI Natl. Agric. Res. Cent. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 39–43, 2010) Estimation of rhizobial population in soil by a competitive PCR method Koumei OSAKI and Toshiyuki ISOI Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 44–47, 2010) Rapid estimation of the available nitrogen in animal waste composts by the hydrochloric acid extraction and absorptiometry Teppei KOMIYAMA, Seiichi NIIZUMA, Hidetoshi HIDAKA and Hiromasa MORIKUNI JA ZEN-NOH R & D Cent. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 48–52, 2010) Dry matter production of sugarcane ‘Ni17’ under the different conditions of irrigation treatments, nitrogen fertilizer amendments and planting densities Kenichi INOUE Kagoshima prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 53-54, 2010) Lecture The latest research works in pedology in Asian countries 3. Frontier on soil studies in Thailand: Soil environment and agriculture and forestry under tropical savanna climate Katsutoshi SAKURAI Fac. Agriculture, Kochi Univ. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 55–65, 2010) Recent progress in the analytical methods of humic substances. 4. Characterization of humic substances by thermochemolysis-gas chromatography in the presence of organic alkali Yasuyuki ISHIDA Chubu university,college of bioscience and biotechnology (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 66–72, 2010) Miscellaneous Mechanism of soil fertility changes under lowland-upland conversion and strategies for it's long-term management Rikiya NIRA*1, Mizuhiko NISHIDA*2, Mihoko MORIIZUMI*1, Ikuko AKAHANE*3, Toshihiko TANAHASHI*4, Takashi SATO*5, Kazunobu TORIYAMA*6, Takeshi KIMURA*1 and Junta YANAI*7 *1National Agricultural Research Center, *2National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, *3National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, *4Gifu Agricultural Research Center, *5Akita Prefectural University, *6Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, *7Kyoto Prefectual University (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 73–80, 2010) The behavior of phosphoric acid from the viewpoint of socio cultural soil science Nobuko MITSUMATA*1, Eiichi TAKAHASHI*2, Tsuyoshi ONO*3, Shinich ONO*4 and Katsu MINAMI*5 *1Doshisha University, *2Kyoto University, *3Iwate Aguricultural Junior College, *4National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, *5Kitasato University (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 81–86, 2010) The pioneer work of Dr. Shigehiro Suzuki on the protein in soil organic matter Toshiro MATSUNAGA Natl. Agr. Res. Cent., Natl. Agr. Food Res. Org. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 87–88, 2010) Recovery of the paddy field damaged by the 2004 Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake Toshimitsu HONMA *1Niigata Agric. Res. Inst., *2Graduate School. Sci. and Tech., Niigata Univ. (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 89–92, 2010) Report of 16th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Satomi ISHII Japan Atomic Energy Agency (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 93–94, 2010) Member's plaza Seminar report: Monitoring and regional scale analysis “Creation and use of agricultural database ? the present situation and future tasks” Sonoko D. KIMURA*1, Nobuko KATAYANAGI*2,3, Yusuke TAKADA*4, Ritsuko FUCHIYAMA*5 and Taku KATO*6 *1Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, *2Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, *3International Rice Research Institute, *4National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, *5National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, *6Ibaraki Agriculture Institute (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 95, 2010) Abstracts of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 55, No. 6 (2009) (Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 81, 96–98, 2010)