Particle swarm optimization in a nutshell

Swarm intelligence is the collective intelligence of group of independent agents. It can be applied in optimization. So researchers are increasingly interested in swarm Intelligence. The paper describes the swarm Intelligence. Paper discusses type of biological system - social system, more specifically while focusing on the aspects of developments of Particle Swarm Optimization. Definitions of key terms are provided with two neighborhood topologies. Included are brief discussions on the important variations of Particle Swarm Optimization. These variations are to improve the convergence rate of Particle Swarm Optimization.