Does co-production build on co-creation or does co-creation result in co-producing?

Purpose The purpose of this conceptual paper is to deepen the theoretical understanding on value (co-)creation particularly in the context of arts. Design/methodology/approach Through critical readings of the current theories on co-creation and co-production, we analyse literature relating to the network and service-dominant logic from the perspective of the arts field. Findings It is argued here that the context for value co-creation might be better analysed through network relationships, allowing a better identification of actors and their roles. We highlight the role of non-expert consumers through their co-creational experiences. In addition, we question the implicit assumption that the outcome of value co-creation is always progressive. Practical implications The paper provides deeper understanding for art managers of the mechanisms of value (co-)creation. Social implications The paper provides new knowledge of the variety of levels of relations in the value co-creation. Originality/value The novelty of the paper lies in the new conceptual framework that offers both a wider perspective for theory building of value (co)creation in the context of arts management and deeper understanding for art managers of the mechanisms of value (co-)creation.