The origin of sulfuryl-containing components in SEI from sulfate additives for stable cycling of ultrathin lithium metal anodes

The trimethylene sulfate (TMS) was introduced to regulate Li deposition. The sulfuryl-containing components and increased content of Li 2 O were introduced into fluorinated SEI, further improving the homogeneity of solid electrolyte interphase and promoting uniform Li deposition in batteries under practical conditions.