Advancing Large Language Models for Spatiotemporal and Semantic Association Mining of Similar Environmental Events

ABSTRACT Retrieval and recommendation are two essential tasks in modern search tools. This paper introduces a novel retrieval‐reranking framework leveraging large language models to enhance the spatiotemporal and semantic associated mining and recommendation of relevant, unusual climate and environmental events described in news articles and web posts. This framework uses advanced natural language processing techniques to address the limitations of traditional manual curation methods in terms of high labor costs and lack of scalability. Specifically, we explore an optimized solution to employ cutting‐edge embedding models for semantically analyzing spatiotemporal events (news) and propose a Geo‐Time Re‐ranking strategy that integrates multi‐faceted criteria including spatial proximity, temporal association, semantic similarity, and category‐instructed similarity to rank and identify similar spatiotemporal events. We apply the proposed framework to a dataset of four thousand local environmental observer network events, achieving top performance on recommending similar events among multiple cutting‐edge dense retrieval models. The search and recommendation pipeline can be applied to a wide range of similar data search tasks dealing with geospatial and temporal data. We hope that by linking relevant events, we can better aid the general public to gain enhanced understanding on climate change and its impact on different communities.