Hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Objective. To analyze the incidence, clinical manifestations and treatment of post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage in patients with pancreaticoduodenal tumors. Material and methods. There were 362 pancreaticoduodeneectomies for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and pancreatoduodenal tumors in 2016—2023. Post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) occurred in 52 (14.4%) patients. Delayed post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage followed postoperative pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula or non-drained fluid collections. Bleeding was diagnosed considering clinical manifestations with verification through contrast-enhanced CT. Results. Emergency re-laparotomy was required in 15 (28.8%) patients with unstable hemodynamics; 9 (60%) people died. Thirty-seven patients with stable hemodynamics underwent emergency contrast-enhanced CT and subsequent endovascular hemostasis. Bleeding was stopped in 31 patients (89.2%). Endovascular hemostasis was ineffective in 1 patient who underwent re-laparotomy. We found no the cause of bleeding in 3 patients, and there was no hemorrhage recurrence. Six (18.7%) people died. The overall mortality among patients with PPH was 28.8% (15 out of 52 postoperative patients). Conclusion. PPH follows postoperative pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula or non-drained fluid collection. In case of stable hemodynamics, endovascular hemostasis is preferable for this complication.