High Resolution DOA Estimation of Narrowband Signal for MUSIC, MVDR and Beamscan Algorithm

This paper presents the in-depth understanding for the direction of arrival (DOA) estimate technique. Here, we have considered three DOA algorithm, i.e., Beamscan, Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR), Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), which are used to estimate broadside angle with Uniform Linear Array (ULA) (10 isotropic antennas) and azimuth and elevation angles with Uniform Rectangular Array (URA) (16x16). Simulation is carried out by considering narrowband signal impinge on the array. Operating frequency of the system is 300MHz. DOA is estimated from the peaks of output signal. For different arriving signal, Beamscan technique forms a conventional beam and scan it over direction of interest to get the spatial spectrum. When signals come from directions that are closer than the beamwidth, then beam scanning is unable to resolve the signals. MVDR beam is examine over the specified region. It has smaller band-widths so has higher resolution. MVDR correctly estimates the DOAs of the signal. It is sensitive to position error so under such situation MUSIC provides accurate DOA estimation and better spatial resolution. Study is carried out in 2-D for the estimation of azimuth and elevation angle of URA. It uses the same algorithm as in 1-D. Simulation is carried out in Matrix laboratory (MATLAB) R2020 Version.