Antimony Sulfide-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects

Owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, effective working voltage, and abundant raw materials, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) was regarded as one promising anode material for electrochemical energy conversion and storage, especially regarding alkali-ion (Li+, Na+, and K+) batteries. Currently, using chemical agents or minerals as precursors, numerous strategies have been utilized to prepare multiple-morphology Sb2S3 electrodes accompanied by remarkable energy-storage performances. Therefore, analyzing the traits of chemically synthesized Sb2S3 and natural stibnite-based anodes was of great importance for further exploration about this type of material. In this review, recent achievements of Sb2S3-based composites for LIBs/SIBs/PIBs were overviewed solidly from varied synthesis routes (chemical synthesis and direct preparation) and dimensional designing (low-dimensional structures and 3D structures). Also, the corresponding Li+/Na+/K+-storage mechanisms and series of modification strategies for Sb2S3 (containing impurity-removing, nanostructure-optimization, carbon-incorporating, and external metal matrix recombination) were explored in this paper. This work is expected to summarize the characteristics of Sb2S3-based anode materials for alkali-ion battery systems and further shed light on their prospects and challenges.