Laser ablation behavior and mechanism of Cf/C–SiC composites under different laser energy densities

Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) is typical difficult-to-machine material, laser assisted machining (LAM) is an effective method to solve the problem of poor machinability, and a deep understanding of the interaction between laser and material can lay a foundation for LAM. Aiming at the unclear mechanism of microstructure formation, crack propagation and material hardness evolution of laser-irradiated CMC, laser ablation behavior and mechanism of Cf/C–SiC composites under different laser energy densities were studied in this paper. The results show that Cf/C–SiC presents two different states of modification and ablation under irradiating. In modified state, fiber interface in central area is oxidized, and crystal transformation occurs. Amorphous Si–O–C, Si and spherical SiO2 exist in edge deposition area, and continuous phase disappears in heat affected zone. In ablative state, carbon nanosheets and clusters are formed in ablation groove. Surface of convex and deposition area are composed of sedimentary basement and clusters, and there are recast layer and heat affected zone in cross section. When thermal stress exceeds interfacial bond strength and critical matrix stress, the fiber interface debonding and matrix cracking occur, and both transgranular and intergranular fracture exist in the matrix. When laser scanning direction is perpendicular to fiber extension, crack propagation can be inhibited. The propagation and intersection of cracks and coarsening of SiC crystal phase in heat affected zone lead to the decrease of matrix microhardness. The results of this study can be used to provide references for parameters selection and theoretical support for LAM of CMC.