Solution Blow Spinning of the Benzimidazole-Containing Aramid Nanofibers for Separators of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanofibers based on high-performance polymers are much highlighted in recent studies toward advanced lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we demonstrate one scalable poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-assisted solution blow spinning strategy for the preparation of heterocyclic aramid (HA) nanofibers of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide). The incorporation of PEO is essential to improve the spinnability of the HA solution achieved directly through the low-temperature-solution copolymerization process. Additionally, the flexible PEO with a strong H-bonding affinity is also utilized as the molecular zipper to adjust the pore size of the nanofiber membrane during the post-treatment process. The obtained membrane combines the good wettability of PEO to the liquid electrolytes, with outstanding mechanical strength, modulus, toughness, and environmental resistance of HA. The nonwoven separator membranes with a porosity of 83.6% exhibited excellent comprehensive performance, which could be seen not only on the high tensile strength (68.2 MPa), modulus (3.0 GPa), and toughness but also on the high thermal stability (T_d > 405 °C) and flame retardancy, as well as the high electrolyte uptake (302.4%). The ion conductivity of the porous separators reached 0.83 mS/cm, with the bulk resistance dropping to 1/4 of the reference polypropylene separator. In the assembly of the Li/LiFePO₄ half battery, the HA separators displayed improved discharge specific capacity and high retention in both rate capability and cycling tests, providing the potential industrial preparation for advanced lithium-ion batteries.