Advances in Electrospinning Technology for Fast-Dissolving Oral Film Applications

Electrospun nanofibers are widely applied in fast-dissolving oral films as they can maximize the therapeutic benefit of active pharmaceutical ingredients with minimal adverse effects. Such fibers can be manufactured through electrospinning, in which a high voltage is applied to a polymer solution, or by melting to create an electrically charged solution ejected from the Taylor cone to yield nanofibers. The rapid dissolution of nanofibers enables the delivery of target drugs without the need for swallowing or water. Medications are promptly released into the oral cavity, which promotes absorption and increases bioavailability. The electrospinning processing parameters (polymer and solvent choice, applied voltage, feed flow rate, processing temperature and relative humidity, spinneret diameter, and distance between the spinneret and collector) influence the fiber formation and morphology. Suitable polymers and solvents must be used to create fast-dissolving oral matrices. Synthetic, semisynthetic, and natural hydrophilic polymers are commonly used. This chapter describes the electrospinning of synthetic drugs, semisynthetic drugs, and natural products, focusing on the technological advancements, production complexity of nanocarriers, and potential usage directions. Readers can gain knowledge of modern fast-dissolving oral electrospun nanofibers, research breakthroughs, gaps, and trends in pediatric and geriatric oral administration.