Symbiotic Relationships Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Essential Oil‐Producing Herbs: A Review of Recent Advances

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) significantly impact on the growth, nutritional intake, and secondary metabolite synthesis of essential oil-producing plants by forming crucial symbiotic relationships with their roots. Recent research findings that demonstrate the diverse functions of AMF in improving the amount and chemical makeup of essential oils are compiled in this article. In sustainable agriculture, particularly in organic farming systems that utilize minimal synthetic inputs, AMF and medicinal herbs have demonstrated a positive relationship. AMF also supports ecological stability by promoting biodiversity and enhancing soil structure. The molecular and pharmacological mechanisms underlying these plant-fungal interactions are still not fully known, however. This study highlights the need for further research into the mechanisms of action of AMF, the development of effective inoculation methods, and the evaluation of novel herb-fungus combinations. It also reveals present research gaps. These revelations will open the door to more environmentally friendly farming methods and the efficient use of AMF in the manufacture of essential oils. AMF and medicinal plants have a promising interaction in sustainable agriculture, especially in organic farming systems that employ fewer synthetic inputs. Additionally, AMF improves soil structure and encourages biodiversity, both of which support ecological stability.