A Comprehensive Review of Mineral Carbonation of Civil Engineering Materials: A Bibliometric Analysis

Mineral carbonation of civil engineering materials (MC-CEM) has received increased attention in reducing CO₂ emissions. This work comprehensively describes the research trends and hotspots in MC-CEM based on bibliometric analysis. Articles were collected in the Web of Science core database from 2001 to 2024 and analyzed in detail. The results show that MC-CEM is a hot research topic, with hot-topic words changing quickly. China and Switzerland reveal the most publications and the highest average citations, respectively. Under carbonation curing, the strength and durability are usually improved due to carbonate formation. Concerning CO₂ storage capacity, carbide slag, reactive magnesium oxide cement, and β-C₂S are active, while fly ash, mine tailings, and carbon mix are inactive. Slow kinetics and low carbonation influence the large-scale industrial application of MC-CEM. Finally, challenges and prospects in MC-CEM are illustrated. In future studies, it is necessary to enhance the CO₂ sequestration capacity by investigating the carbonation mechanisms and optimizing the process parameters. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment of MC-CEM is also needed. This work provides the basis for the development of large-scale mineral carbonation by using civil engineering materials.