Decision Analysis of Institutional and Technical BIM Implementation for SMEs

Notwithstanding BIM’s established reputation for enhancing project coordination, reducing errors, and augmenting long-term efficiency, its adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) remains inconsistent and fragmented. Statistical techniques, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Spearman’s correlation analysis, were used with a questionnaire survey that yielded 59 valid responses to underpin the study. The primary obstacles identified by the study include elevated software and training costs, insufficient governmental guidance, restricted technical expertise, and an ambiguous return on investment. Conversely, SMEs are inclined to adopt BIM when provided with appropriate incentives, including financial subsidies, practical training, and clearer regulations. The research indicated the hesitance of SMEs to use BIM software stems more from intrinsic constraints and an aversion to risk than from a dismissal of innovation. This study establishes the need for a dual strategy—first, reducing tangible obstacles and second, enhancing perceived value—to facilitate SMEs’ adoption of BIM. In the construction industry’s most resource-limited areas, it offers academic and practical perspectives for promoting digital transformation.