A review on bioactive glass, its modifications and applications in healthcare sectors

Bone tissues can be damaged by degenerative illnesses, accidents, and trauma, necessitating medical interventions which encourage regeneration. The first synthetic materials that exhibited bone bonding were bioactive glasses (BGs), which are now being extensively used for bone regeneration. BGs have the potential to trigger a particular biological in-vivo reaction at the interface and also form a strong chemical interaction with bone and soft tissues. Considering all the aforementioned viewpoints, the current review is exclusively dedicated to a critical study of the physicochemical as well as application perspectives of these BGs. Thus, the review encompasses the physicochemical characteristics of BGs, their synthesis techniques, various stochiometric compositions, and the impact of ion substitution on them. Further, the properties of the BG in combination with natural or synthetic polymers are discussed in detail. Moreover, the market perspectives, future challenges, and aspects of the application of BGs in healthcare sectors are also highlighted in the present write-up which is believed to provide an in-depth and insightful idea to the researchers in the concerned field.