Nanostructured GaAs /( Al,Ga ) As Waveguide for Low-Density …

Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter states that arise from strong coupling between an exciton resonance and a photonic cavity mode. As bosonic excitations, they can undergo a phase transition to a condensed state that can emit coherent light without a population inversion. This aspect makes them good candidates for thresholdless lasers, yet short exciton-polariton lifetime has made it difficult to achieve condensation at very low power densities. In this sense, long-lived symmetry-protected states are excellent candidates to overcome the limitations that arise from the finite mirror reflectivity of monolithic microcavities. In this work we use a photonic symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum coupled to an excitonic resonance to achieve state-of-the-art polariton condensation threshold in a $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$/($\mathrm{Al},\mathrm{Ga}$)$\mathrm{As}$ waveguide. Most important, we show the influence of fabrication control and how surface passivation via atomic layer deposition provides a way to reduce exciton quenching at the grating sidewalls.