Iron-doped carbon dots with multi-enzyme activities for rapid determination of phenolic compounds

value of the combined action of the three enzyme-like activities was 3.35 times that of the peroxidase-like activity and 4.76 times that of the laccase-like activity, respectively. Based on the multi-enzyme activities of FeCDs, a series of phenolic compounds can be catalytically transformed into chromogenic products within 10 min at room temperature for the rapid determination of these compounds. The results obtained in this work not only provide a reliable strategy for the preparation of carbon-based nanomaterials with multi-enzyme activities, but also expand the application of carbon-based nanomaterials in the field of analysis.