Organic interface enhanced electrocatalysis

Organic interface engineering has attracted increasing attention as an effective approach to tailoring electrode surfaces and improving electrocatalytic performance, while a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains limited. This review provides an in-depth examination of the design strategies and functional roles of organic interfaces in electrocatalysis. We categorize organic interfaces into three representative types: (i) small organic molecule-functionalized surfaces, (ii) polymer-modified electrodes, and (iii) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Various fabrication methods are discussed, alongside the diverse interaction mechanisms-such as covalent bonding, coordination effects, and van der Waals interactions-that govern the interface between organic components and electrode materials. We then focus on how organic interfaces contribute to catalytic enhancement by modulating local atomic arrangements, tailoring electronic structures, and constructing favorable reaction microenvironments. These interfacial modifications offer new opportunities to optimize catalytic activity, selectivity, and operational stability across a range of electrochemical transformations. Finally, we outline key challenges and future perspectives in applying organic interface strategies to practical energy conversion technologies. This review aims to bridge existing knowledge gaps and offer conceptual and methodological guidance for the rational development and design of high-performance electrocatalysts through molecular-level interface engineering.