Risk factors, outcomes, and early prediction of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a post hoc subgroup analysis of the Epidemiology of Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury study

Overall, 25% of cardiac surgery patients developed cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury, and 33% of these patients experienced persistent cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury, which was associated with poor outcomes. We developed a risk score for predicting persistent cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury, the 'EPIS CSA-AKI risk score'. Pending further external validation, the score might be used to identify patients who have a high risk for developing persistent cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury.