New strategies for tumor diagnosis and therapy with ultrasound assisted by nanomaterials

With the development of nanomedicine and ultrasound technology, ultrasound-enhanced contrast agents and treatment platforms based on nanomaterials have become important tools for tumor diagnosis and treatment, owing to their high safety profile, low cost and excellent biocompatibility. This review comprehensively discusses the classification and mechanism of nanomaterials in enhancing ultrasound imaging and treatment. It encompasses organic nanomaterials, including nanobubbles and polymer nanoparticles, and as well as inorganic nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles. The application strategies and typical examples of combining nanomaterials with ultrasound technology for different tumors are elaborated, including brain tumors, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that integrating ultrasound technology with nano-delivery systems can improve drug delivery efficiency and overcome physiological barriers. This integration can also enhance anti-tumor effects by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment. Despite the significant progress in this field, challenges regarding the biosafety and clinical translation of nanomaterials remain. Future research should concentrate on optimizing the design of nanomaterials and strengthening clinical studies. This will promote the widespread application of ultrasound and nanotechnology in tumor treatment.