胰高血糖素
肠促胰岛素
内科学
内分泌学
激素
胆囊收缩素
胃泌素
胰高血糖素样肽-1
胰腺
胰多肽
肠内分泌细胞
胰高血糖素受体
胃肠道
生物
医学
糖尿病
内分泌系统
2型糖尿病
分泌物
受体
出处
期刊:Peptides
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-01-01
卷期号:159: 170924-170924
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170924
摘要
Century old glucagon is a classic pancreatic hormone. But today we also know that the glucagon gene is expressed at high levels at extrapancreatic sites - particularly so in the gut. Major hormonal glucagon gene products in the digestive tract are the two glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and -2). Of these, truncated GLP-1 has in recent decades attracted massive interest due to its incretin effect, and the subsequent GLP-1 derived design of potent diabetes and obesity drugs. Truncated GLP-1 has consequently become an important contributor to gastrointestinal endocrinology. The gastrointestinal branch of endocrinology today includes more than 100 bioactive peptides encoded by some 30 different hormone genes. Therefore, the gut is the largest endocrine organ in the body. In addition to a general discussion of glucagon peptides in the hierarchy of gut hormones, this review also includes three short notes about glucagon studies from the 1970s. These studies dealt with reactive hypoglycemia, chronic liver disease, and the secretory response of pancreatic glucagon to gastrin/cholecystokinin stimulation. Considering today's possibilities in molecular endocrinology, revisits to the questions raised by these studies might be worthwhile.
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