Reaction of 3-Acetylcoumarin: From methods to mechanism

Coumarins are known as heterocyclic compounds with a benzo-α-pyrone moiety which has been extensively applied in pharmacology, cosmetics, chemical and medicinal industry. The special characteristics and biological activities of coumarin lead to their usage in pharmacy and medicine. Hence, a variety of methods, reactions and techniques are applied in order to synthesize coumarin derivatives. Reaction of 3-acetylcoumarin with different reagents are reported herein. Also, various reactions of 3-acetylcoumarin such as multicomponent, cycloaddition, α-halogenation, aldol condensation, reduction and 1,2-addition reactions are covered in this review. The synthesis of different classes of compounds starting from 3-acetylcoumarins through different reactions and the achieved outcomes including the products and yields are presented. The prepared compounds showed a range of activities such as antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory. It is hoped that this review will be a useful resource for interested researchers engaged in this area.