Chitosan and guar-gum-based polymeric nanocomposites for the adsorption of contaminants in water: Insights into adsorption capacities, mechanisms, and applications

Due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and attraction towards contaminants, this review will explore the application of chitosan and guar gum-based polymeric nanocomposites for the adsorption of various pollutants from water. Chitosan and guar gum have low mechanical, regeneration, separation, and surface area properties that restrict their application in the adsorption of contaminants. These properties can be improved by incorporating nanoparticles such as silica, metal oxides, and carbon nanotubes. This review discusses nanoparticles, chitosan, and guar gum-based nano/composites. The kinetic and isotherm models that describe the adsorption processes are presented along with the adsorption capacities. Moreover, the mechanisms influencing the adsorption process, such as electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding, are also highlighted. The paper provides thorough insights into their potential for effectively removing contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals from wastewater. The review findings indicate the possibility of chitosan guar gum and based nanocomposites as efficient and excellent adsorbents for wastewater treatment.