A study was made of the sensitivity of E. coli (the wild type, rec A13 and Gamr 444 mutants) to gamma- and alpha-radiation. The most pronounced differences in radiosensitivity of the strains under study were noted with gamma-radiation. The sensitivity of the studied strains to alpha-radiation was levelled. The authors discuss the mechanisms of the effects observed in various E. coli strains exposed to ionizing radiation of different LET.