Suppressing self-aggregation of self-assembled monolayers for high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells

Self-aggregation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in inverted organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells induces the formation of inhomogeneous and non-compact films, that cause energy loss in the devices. Thiourea modulates the uniform distribution of the SAM layer and optimizes the morphology of the buried interface. The treated perovskite solar cells achieved a maximum PCE of 25.15% and retained 91.2% PCE after 1200 hours of storage.