Sacituzumab govitecan in colorectal cancer: clinical evidence and future directions

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and continues to pose a significant global health burden. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis remains poor due to limited treatment options, resistance to therapy, and frequent metastasis. Standard treatment regimen primarily involve a combination of chemotherapy and biological agents. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2). SG has demonstrated clinical efficacy and has been approved for the treatment of advanced triple-negative and hormone receptor-positive, HER2 negative breast cancers. TROP2 is broadly expressed in carcinomas and is associated with a poor prognosis, making it a promising therapeutic target. SG's success in breast cancer and broad expression in epithelial tumors has sparked interest in its potential applicability to CRC. This review provides an overview of SG's mechanism of action and current clinical applications, discussing its therapeutic potential in the context of CRC.