Fractures of the Ankle Joint

Background: Ankle fractures are common, with an incidence of up to 174 cases per 100 000 adults per year.Their correct classification and treatment are of decisive importance for clinical outcome.Method: Selective review of the literature.Results: Ankle fractures are initially evaluated by physical examination and then by x-ray.They can be classified according to either the AO Foundation (Association for the Study of Internal Fixation) or the Weber classification.Dislocated fractures need emergency treatment with immediate reduction; this is crucial for the prevention of hypoperfusion and nerve damage.Weber A fractures can usually be treated conservatively, while Weber B and C fractures are usually treated with surgery.An evaluation of the stability of the syndesmosis is important for anatomical reconstruction of the joint.Wound hematoma and wound-edge necrosis are the most common complications, and the postoperative infection rate is 2%.Up to 10% of patients develop ankle arthrosis over the intermediate or long term.Conclusion: With properly chosen treatment, a good clinical outcome can be achieved.The long-term objective is to prevent post-traumatic ankle arthrosis.The evidence level for optimal treatment strategies is low.