Modification of an Interfacial Layer of Reinforced Polymer Composites with Nanodispersed Silicon Dioxide

The behavior of colloidal silicon dioxide in a composition with a styrene/butyl acrylate oligomer grafted onto a thermoplastic polyamide adhesive to obtain a branched binder structure with penetration of branches into a capillary-pore system of a reinforcing fiber component is studied. The modifications of disaggregation of SiO2 using ultrasonic treatment and mechanical activation with the impact of high shear stresses, ultrasound, and cavitation are compared. The methods of dynamic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and the textile material science are used in experiments to evaluate the elastic-deformation characteristics of fused packets. The set of complementary results confirms that the combined mechanical activation of an aqueous dispersion of oligoacrylate and silica causes destruction of silica nanospheres and the formation of a hybrid oligolymer-inorganic adduct. In contrast to the short-term effects of ultrasonic dispersion of SiO2, consolidated mechanical activation of components solves the problems of preventing aggregation of nanoparticles and providing a uniform distribution of the reinforcing filler in the composite. The efficiency of using the method for regulating the characteristics of the forming units and parts of sewing products has been shown. By selecting oligoacrylate, the separation of the stages of preliminary bonding of the material packets specific to sewing production using a thermoplastic adhesive, the design of a form of a finished product, and its fixing during wet-heat treatment is taken into account. The preparation of a hybrid adduct of mechanical activation provides an optimal ratio of the particle size for the efficient distribution of fractions in interfacial, interfiber, and intrafiber spaces of the textile web. The shift of the peaks of the phase transitions and chemical transformations in a system with nanodispersed SiO2 controlled on the DSC thermograms is consistent with the temperature conditions of successive stages of the engineering process. The possibilities of a controlled change in the characteristics of the forming composite materials and a decrease in the material consumption of sewing products due to grafting modified oligoacrylate with a variable content of silicon dioxide are demonstrated.