Microenvironment-Triggered Signal Amplification for Dual-Modal Fluorescence/MRI of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

, TCM-Gd-P NPs achieved 4.2-fold fluorescence and 3.3-fold MRI contrast enhancement in tumors relative to adjacent tissue, enabling molecular-level delineation of tumor margins via fluorescence imaging and high-resolution anatomical mapping via MRI. Importantly, by applying both modalities to the same orthotopic HCC mice, the high sensitivity of fluorescence imaging effectively corroborated the deep-tissue anatomical resolution provided by MRI. This work establishes a microenvironment-triggered, orthogonal signal amplification strategy for FL/MRI, providing a generalizable framework for intelligent solid-tumor diagnostics.