A Novel Fermented Rapeseed Meal, Inoculated with Selected Protease-Assisting Screened B. subtilis YY-4 and L. plantarum 6026, Showed High Availability and Strong Antioxidant and Immunomodulation Potential Capacity

A study was conducted to investigate the yield of small peptides from rapeseed meal (RSM) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with acid-protease-assisting B. subtilis YY-4 and L. plantarum CICC6026 (FRSMP). This study explored the availability, antioxidant capacity and immunomodulation activity. The objective of this study was to develop a novel functional food ingredient to contribute to health improvement. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble peptides and free amino acids significantly increased after fermentation (p < 0.001), and the concentration of small molecular peptides (molecular weight < 1 KDa) significantly increased (p < 0.001). The dense surface microstructure of the RSM after fermentation was changed to be loose and porous. The FRSMP exhibited high availability and high antioxidant activity, and it displayed high immunomodulation activity. The novel fermentation was effective for improving the nutritional and biological properties, which provided a feasible method of enhancing the added value.