Phthalocyanines and Porphyrazines

The chemistry of phthalocyanines and porphyrazines is reviewed after a presentation of the different derivatives and an introduction to all structural variability aspects. The key points of the synthetic methods and strategies are presented. Synthetic access to the different precursors is detailed, after which their conversion into the expected symmetrically or asymmetrically substituted derivatives, with related specific methods, is overviewed. Finally, the preparation of more unusual compounds such as double-deckers complexes (Ln, hetero-atom bridged) and the reactions feasible on formed derivatives are reviewed.