Self-driven real-time angle vector sensor as security dialer based on bi-directional backstop triboelectric nanogenerator

With the developments of Internet of Things (IoT), there is an endless demand for various sensors that can maintain a certain level of functional performance while providing excellent energy consumption levels, preferably harvesting energy from the environment. In this work, we designed a self-driven angle vector sensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for constructing a reliable and low-cost IoT sensing system. Based on the high signal-to-noise (SNR) output of rotary TENG, a bi-directional backstop TENG (BB-TENG) is designed to realize direct quantization process of rotation angle and direction in real time. The homemade BB-TENG can generate an output voltage up to 174.45 V to resist external noise and guarantee the measurement quality, furthermore, the maximum speed error of measured rotation speed does not exceed 0.2 rpm. Then, a digital signal processor was implemented to extract the angle vector in real time and presents its application as a passcode dialer. This work not only demonstrates a new strategy in the field of angle measurement, but also extends the application scenario of TENG in the IoT field.