Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Modulation of Neural Circuits Activity

Ultrasound neuromodulation (UNMOD) has gained popularity as a new state-of-the-art technique for the research and treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Ultrasounds (US) can be transmitted in a noninvasive manner to deep-brain regions with a focus of a few millimeters in size. In this review, we perform an analysis of literature describing the mechanical effects underlying focused ultrasound stimulation (FUS) and their effective modulation of neural functions. We also review distinct stimulation parameters, experimental set-ups and protocols to better understand the current limits and challenges of this technique.