From Science to Solutions: Translating DNA‐Based Nanodevices into Clinical Applications

DNA nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative platform in molecular medicine over the past four decades. The structural and functional versatility of nanostructures like DNA origami, hydrogels, and aptamer-based systems, as well as their programmable, biocompatible natures, have contributed toward significant advances in a biomedical context, such as cancer-targeted therapies, infectious disease detection, gene delivery, novel tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Despite promising preclinical experiment data, actual clinical translation remains limited in the face of key challenges-biostability, immunogenicity, scalable manufacturing, and regulatory hurdles. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the field's pathway from fundamental principles to viable, real-world, clinical solutions. These barriers are critically evaluated, with a focus on optimizing safety, delivery, and in-vivo performance, and discuss emerging strategies to overcome these limitations, including DNA-protein hybrids, protective coatings, responsive designs, harnessing AI capacity and automation-enabled production pipelines, by combining insights from basic science, engineering, and translational medicine.