Metabolic reprogramming shapes the immune microenvironment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: prognostic implications and therapeutic targets

These findings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how metabolic reprogramming shapes PAAD's immunosuppressive TME and affects treatment outcomes. By accurately stratifying patients, the MPI serves as a promising tool to guide therapeutic decisions, including targeted therapy selection and immunotherapy prediction, ultimately offering potential for more personalized management of PAAD.