Music-based interventions in mild cognitive impairment and kidney disease: a scoping review on behalf of CONNECT (Cognitive decline in Nephro-Neurology European Cooperative Target) action

Music-based interventions (MBIs) have shown promise in enhancing cognitive and behavioural functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the clinical application of MBIs in MCI and explore their potential use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases for studies published between January 2013 and October 2023. The search focused on MBIs applied to MCI and CKD patients. We collected data on study design, type of MBIs administered and main clinical outcomes. Sixteen studies were included in this review, ten of which were randomized controlled trials. MBIs ranged from passive music listening (four studies) to active participation in music-making (vocal or singing activities, playing instruments and improvisation, music interventions associated with physical activity, musical stimulation). While no studies specifically focused on CKD patients, cognitive improvements were generally more significant with active interventions, whereas behavioural benefits were more associated with receptive approaches. MBIs showed potential benefits in improving cognitive and depressive symptoms associated with MCI. Given the high prevalence of MCI in CKD patients, future studies should investigate the application of MBIs in this population.