Innovative Application and Research of Industrial Solid Waste in Mining Filling Materials in China

The swift advancement of China’s mining sector has led to the generation of substantial amounts of industrial solid waste, which poses significant risks to the ecological environment. This study aims to investigate effective methods for utilizing industrial solid waste in the production of mine filling materials, thereby facilitating green mine construction and the efficient use of resources. The study employs the PRISMA methodology to conduct a systematic review of the pertinent literature, analyzing the current status, challenges, and developmental trends associated with the use of coal-based solid waste, smelting waste, industrial by-product gypsum, and tailings in filling materials. The findings indicate that, while the use of individual coal-based solid waste in filling materials shows promise, there is a need to optimize the ratios and activation technologies. Furthermore, the synergistic application of multi-source coal-based solid waste can enhance the overall utilization rate; however, further investigation into the reaction mechanisms and ratio optimization is required. Smelting slag can serve as a cementing agent or aggregate post-treatment, yet further research is necessary to improve its strength and durability. Industrial by-product gypsum can function as an auxiliary cementing material or activator, although its large-scale application faces significant challenges. Tailings present advantages as aggregates, but concerns regarding their long-term stability and environmental impacts must be addressed. Future research should prioritize the synergistic utilization of multi-source solid waste, performance customization, low-carbon activation technologies, and enhancements in environmental safety. Additionally, the establishment of a comprehensive lifecycle evaluation and standardization system is essential to transition the application of industrial solid-waste-based filling materials from empirical ratios to mechanism-driven approaches, ultimately achieving the dual objectives of green mining and the resource utilization of solid waste in mining operations.