Effectiveness of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and cognitive bias modification (CBM) in treating anxiety, depression, attentional bias, and drug craving in opioid-dependent patients

In brief, although using tACS and CBM separately didn't lead to significant decreases in substance-related issues, employing them together demonstrated potential. This research underscores how the brain can adapt to electrical stimulation and emphasizes the importance of delving deeper into treating SUDs. However, limitations such as limited participant availability and the reliance on verbal craving induction indicate the necessity for more comprehensive study designs and varied assessment methods in future investigations.