Exploring solute carriers as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Solute carriers (SLCs) undeniably play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of cancer, particularly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is highly prevalent in China. In ESCC cells, SLCs modulate key downstream signal pathways, such as the serine/threonine kinase pathway, significantly influencing cell growth and metastasis. They also contribute to ferroptosis and apoptosis, two crucial cell death mechanisms in ESCC. Additionally, due to their role in transporting substances like glucose, abnormal SLC expression leads to metabolic dysregulation and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. However, most studies only scratch the surface, failing to fully elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying their functions. There is also a lack of comprehensive studies on their dynamic changes during different treatment modalities. This review comprehensively summarizes the known biological functions of SLCs in ESCC and their potential impacts on various cancer therapies. In the future, more in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials are needed to verify their feasibility as a biomarker and therapeutic target to achieve precision treatment and improve the prognosis of patients.