Boosting the Performance of Lithium Metal Anodes with Three-Dimensional Lithium Hosts: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Li metal has emerged as a promising anode material for high energy density batteries, due to its low electrochemical potential and high specific capacity of 3860 mAh·g−1. These characteristics make it an attractive choice for electric vehicles and power grids. However, Li-metal batteries are plagued by dendrite issues stemming from the high reactivity of Li metal, which can ultimately result in battery failure or even safety concerns. To overcome this challenge, various strategies have been proposed to prevent dendrite formation and enhance the safety of Li-metal batteries. This review critically examines the recent progress in the development of dendrite-free Li-metal batteries, with a particular emphasis on advanced approaches of 3D Li metal host construction. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D hosts for suppressing Li dendrites and to offer guidance for the future development of superior Li metal batteries.