细菌性阴道病
病毒学
沙眼衣原体
病毒
疾病
生物
单纯疱疹病毒
免疫学
微生物群
宫颈癌
传输(电信)
癌症
医学
微生物学
生物信息学
内科学
遗传学
电气工程
工程类
作者
Elahe Akbari,Alireza Milani,Masoud Seyedinkhorasani,Azam Bolhassani
摘要
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause various malignancies in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Notably, some viruses including herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus along with various bacteria often interact with HPV, potentially impacting its replication, persistence, and cancer progression. Thus, HPV infection can be significantly influenced by co-infecting agents that influence infection dynamics and disease progression. Bacterial co-infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) along with bacterial vaginosis-related species also interact with HPV in genital tract leading to viral persistence and disease outcomes. Co-infections involving HPV and diverse infectious agents have significant implications for disease transmission and clinical progression. This review explores multiple facets of HPV infection encompassing the co-infection dynamics with other pathogens, interaction with the human microbiome, and its role in disease development.
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