A lignin-derived carbon dot-upgraded bacterial cellulose membrane as an all-in-one interfacial evaporator for solar-driven water purification

) and for remediating various pollutants (heavy metal ions, dyes, and pharmaceuticals) from feed water. The efficacy of the membrane remains unaltered by different grades of water, and hence can be adoptable for economically stressed communities living in water-polluted regions as well as those residing in coastal areas.