SSRI antidepressant citalopram reverses the Warburg effect to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma by directly targeting GLUT1

liver tumors and displays a synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 therapy. Retrospective analysis reveals that SSRI use correlates with a lower risk of metastasis among patients with HCC. Our study describes a role for SSRIs in cancer metabolism, establishing a rationale for their repurposing as potential anti-cancer drugs for HCC.