History of high-power electromagnetics (HPEM) from 1940s to 21st century

The first atomic test took place in Alamogordo, NM, USA on July 16, 1945, Nobel laureate physicist Enrico Fermi tried to calculate the possible electromagnetic fields that would be produced from the nuclear explosion. This can be considered as the birth of the study of HPEM. HPEM is a comprehensive acronym to include EM waveforms such as natural lightning, nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP, High-Power Microwaves(HPM) etc. [D. V. Giri and F. M. Tesche, "Classification of Intentional Electromagnetic Environments" (IEME), IEEE Trans. EMC, Aug. 200]