AIM To observe the effect of qidantongmai Tablet (QDTMT) on the changes of cardiac troponin I in rabbits following their death caused by ligation-induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its mechanism. METHODS We observed the preventive effects of QDTMT on AMI after a 14-day intrgastric QDTMT administration in the model of coronary artery left circumflex ligation-induced acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS ①Obvious myocardial infarction was found in the model group but myocardial infarction in QDTMT groups alleviated significantly (P0.01) and the infarction area shrunk (P0.01). ②Light microscope and electron microscope showed that QDTMT significantly reduced pathological injury in myocardium and improved the ultramicrostructure of cells. ③The content of cTnI significantly decreased in QDTMT groups, significantly different from that in the model group (P0.05 or P0.01). CONCLUSION QDTMT has obvious protective effect on myocardium in rabbits with ligation-induced acute myocardial infarction.