Caenorhabditis elegans has been used in aging research since 30 years ago.Studies have shown that insulin/IGF-1 pathway,autophagy,mitochondrial respiratory chain/ATP synthesis system and dietary restriction can delay aging of Caenorhabditis elegans.This review discusses the potential application of Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism in the research of aging molecular mechanisms.It may promote the anti-aging drug development.