氨基酸转运体
谷氨酰胺
癌症
运输机
癌细胞
氨基酸
生物
前药
癌症研究
癌基因
生物化学
溶质载体族
药理学
基因
遗传学
细胞周期
作者
Yangzom D. Bhutia,Ellappan Babu,Sabarish Ramachandran,Vadivel Ganapathy
出处
期刊:Cancer Research
[American Association for Cancer Research]
日期:2015-04-30
卷期号:75 (9): 1782-1788
被引量:352
标识
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3745
摘要
Tumor cells have an increased demand for amino acids because of their rapid proliferation rate. In addition to their need in protein synthesis, several amino acids have other roles in supporting cancer growth. There are approximately two-dozen amino acid transporters in humans, and tumor cells must upregulate one or more of these transporters to satisfy their demand for amino acids. If the transporters that specifically serve this purpose in tumor cells are identified, they can be targeted for the development of a brand new class of anticancer drugs; the logical basis of such a strategy would be to starve the tumor cells of an important class of nutrients. To date, four amino acid transporters have been found to be expressed at high levels in cancer: SLC1A5, SLC7A5, SLC7A11, and SLC6A14. Their induction occurs in a cancer type-specific manner with a direct or indirect involvement of the oncogene c-Myc. Further, these transporters are functionally coupled, thus maximizing their ability to promote cancer growth and chemoresistance. Progress has been made in preclinical studies, exploiting these transporters as drug targets in cancer therapy. These transporters also show promise in development of new tumor-imaging probes and in tumor-specific delivery of appropriately designed chemotherapeutic agents.
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